Zadanie maturalne
Przeczytaj artykuł, a następnie przy każdym pytaniu wybierz właściwą – zgodną z tekstem – odpowiedź. Zaznacz jedną z czterech możliwości, zakreślając a), b), c) lub d).
Take care of yourself!
If you hardly ever use the Internet and do not spend long hours on-line – this text is not for you. You may feel safe as you are probably not threatened by Internet addiction. But if you have noticed one of the symptoms below, it is the very last moment to search for professional help!
Symptoms that should make you vigilant:
- You use the Internet to escape from the problems you have in real life. When you start surfing, you stop controlling the outside reality at once.
- You stay on-line longer than you have previously planned and intended.
- You feel depressed when you must cut out your Internet connection. You are unable to find any other satisfactory activity to fill the emptiness in your life.
- You happen to lie to your family members or therapist about the amount of time you spend on-line.
- You think of your Internet activity all the time, even if you are off-line – then you analyse your previous log-in session or plan the future one.
- You jeopardize loss of good marks at school, temporary job, relationship or other things important to you because of your Internet activity.
Some Internet addicts have serious emotional problems to accept their real personalities and socialize in real life.
The others suffer from financial problems because of provider charges and telephone bills.
Most of deeply addicted netoholics argue with their friends and families about the amount of time they spend in front of the computer screen.
Are you still not convinced it is serious? In January 2005 a 54-year-old account executive from New York was found dead at his computer after trying to keep up with too many computer forums – he was a member of 48 of them!
Next time you sit up in front of your computer screen turn on the stop-watch – just in case…
Matura tip
(Wskazówka maturalna)
Najczęściej w tym zadaniu jedno pytanie odpowiada jednemu akapitowi. Często ostatnie pytanie odnosi się do całego tekstu i musisz wykazać się zrozumieniem jego sensu!
Uważaj! Pytania w tym zadaniu często są bardzo podchwytliwe i na pierwszy rzut oka pasują wszystkie odpowiedzi. Aby uniknąć pułapki, zawsze podkreślaj zdanie (najczęściej jedno), które odnosi się do konkretnej odpowiedzi.
Nigdy nie używaj swojej wiedzy ogólnej, zawsze posiłkuj się tylko tekstem (np. jeśli pytanie brzmi – dlaczego niebezpieczne jest uzależnienie od komputera? – nie próbuj wymyślać odpowiedzi, nawet jeśli jest ona oczywista, tylko szukaj zdania w tekście, które o tym mówi).
1) What makes you feel safe according to the text?
a) Using a lot of net forums.
b) Lack of interest in the Internet connection.
c) The fact you use the Internet very rarely.
d) Presence of your friends on-line.
2) You may be Internet addicted if you…
a) lie about your age on the Internet chats.
b) read a lot of professional forums.
c) have financial problems.
d) are unable to control the time you spend on-line.
3) Why is computer addiction dangerous?
a) It causes financial, social and health problems.
b) It ruins the equipment you use at home.
c) It can make you meet new friends.
d) People who are computer-addicted do not work very hard.
4) What should you do to avoid the Internet addiction?
a) You should buy a special watch.
b) You should control the time you spend in front of the screen.
c) You should turn off the computer.
d) You should consult the specialist.
Odpowiedzi
1 – c), gdyż „hardly ever use the Internet” oznacza to samo co „rarely use the Internet”.
2 – d), bo nie jesteś w stanie kontrolować czasu spędzanego w sieci.
3 – a), gdyż oto wszystkie rodzaje problemów, jakich doświadczają „netoholicy”.
4 – b), czyli: „włącz stoper” , a więc po prostu licz czas. Nie ma tu nic o tym, że trzeba kupować stoper, to tylko taka przenośnia!
How to improve your immunity
- 1) You should not avoid cold, winter air. Outside only two hours a day keeps a doctor away, transforming a famous proverb. Just remember to put on adequate clothing, cover your head and neck.
- 2) Perhaps you need to consult your doctor about using some diet supplements, for instance echinacea. It is said to contain active substances enhancing immune system and it is often regarded as a general “cure-all”. Why not consider consulting the pharmacist about it?
- 3) Although it might result in alienating you, you should include some cloves of garlic into your diet. In case you want to avoid its distinctive smell, mix it with parsley leaves.
- 4) You must stay active if you want to be healthy. Obesity is not only an aesthetical problem – it can lead to various diseases as well as impairs the immune system. If you tend to be obese, consult the specialist that will compile a balanced diet for you along with a set of excercises.
- 5) The elephant in the room might be vitamins and minerals deficiency, especially vitamin C, D, A, calcium, zinc and potassium. Some of the components may be derived from food but sometimes it is impossible to gain them in this way and you need to take supplements. Remember to consult a doctor before you take any vitamin supplement as hypervitaminosis is very dangerous!
- 6) You may try boosting your immune system by daily intake of yoghurt with some bacteria cultures that enhance the balance of bacteria in the intestines and ipso facto improve your general immunity.
- 7) You must remember about enriching your diet with antioxidants and bioflavonoids. Grapes, raspberries, blueberries, apples and green tea are one of the most common sources of these substances.
How to protect you against the flu?
- 1. Get a vaccination. That’s a very good method, although it will not protect you against all kinds of flu. But generally, it is worth doing, because even if it does not protect you completely, you will be ill shorter time and the disease will be milder!
- 2. Avoid crowds. Avoid places where there are lots of people, such as cinemas, concerts, crowded buses.
- 3. Exercise. It is proved that people who go to the gym, go swimming, running much more rarely suffer from the flu. When you are active, your immune system works better.
- 4. Eat proper food. There are some kinds of food which help you to protect against flu and cold. Cooked, hot, spicy food is good in winter. Forget about fruit yoghurt for breakfast and a cold sandwich for lunch – you must eat hot dishes. Don’t forget about vegetables and fruit.
- 5. Drink a lot of tea. Herbal tea or ginger tea with honey is good.
- 6. Sleep well. Don’t study at night because when you sleep too little, your immune system might break down. Remember about fresh air and open the window before you go to sleep.
- 7.Never ever go with flu, walk with flu, pretend it doesn’t exist. First of all, it is contagious and other people can fall ill because of you. Secondly, you can have very serious complications.
vaccination – szczepienia
suffer from – chorować na, cierpieć na
to be ill – być chorym
flu – grypa
rarely – rzadko
contagious – zakaźny
I have had some health trouble recently. My mum thought I had a cold but I had a really high temperature and I came up in a rash so we decided to call for a doctor. It turned out that I had got infected with scarlet fever. It is a very contagious disease.
health trouble – problemy zdrowotne
cold – przeziębienie
high temperature – wysoka gorączka
scarlet fever – szkarlatyna
contagious disease – choroba zakaźna
I am feeling really bad.
I am afraid I have a flu.
I hope it is not tonsillitis as my sister has suffered from it lately.
tonsillitis – angina
I have to visit my cousin in the hospital. At first doctor gave wrong diagnosis and she did not respond to the treatment. Then they prescribed her some medicine which had side effects.
hospital – szpital
doctor – lekarz
diagnosis – diagnoza
treatment – leczenie
medicine – lekarstwo
side effect – efekt uboczny
I broke my leg last winter holiday. I fell down while I was skiing. I had my leg in plaster for six weeks. My friend who also had a skiing accident was luckier. He hit a tree but ended up only with minor injuries.
I broke my leg – złamałem nogę
plaster – gips
minor injuries – mniejsze (niewielkie) obrażenia (szkody); drobna kontuzja
My younger sister has anaemia. Some time ago mum noticed that she lost weight and she often suffers from dizziness and insomnia. After she had fainted we decided it was time to consult a specialist.
anaemia – anemia
dizziness – zawroty głowy
insomnia – bezsenność
specialist – specjalista
after she had fainted – po tym jak zemdlała
I would like to be a doctor in the future.
I have not decided yet which specialisation to choose but I still have time. I have been thinking about becoming a surgeon, a neurologist or a cardiologist.
specialisation – specjalizacja
surgeon – chirurg
neurologist – neurolog
cardiologist – kardiolog
I had a terrible toothache yesterday. It hurt when I drank something hot and my gums were very sore. I asked a dentist for an anaesthetic so I did not feel anything when she drilled and fixed the filling. She also advised me to have tartar removed.
My brother was operated on a few days ago. He had an appendicitis which was so painful that we had to call for an ambulance. It turned out that his state was critical and he was taken to the operating theatre at once. The operation was successful.
appendicitis – zapalenie wyrostka robaczkowego
ambulance – karetka
operating theatre – sala operacyjna
operation – operacja
toothache – ból zęba
gums – dziąsła
dentist – dentysta, stomatolog
anaesthetic – znieczulenie
tartar – kamień nazębny
fixed the filling – założył plombę
Te słówka koniecznie zapamiętaj!
neglect oneself – zaniedbać zdrowie
to suffer from (a disease) – zachorować na (chorobę), cierpieć na
to get infected with – zarazić się
to catch a cold – przeziębić się czymś
curable – uleczalny
incurable – nieuleczalny
terminal, fatal, lethal – śmiertelny
pain – ból
to run a fever – mieć gorączkę
to carry a virus – być nosicielem wirusa
cough – kaszel
to sneeze – kichać
sore throat – ból gardła
a headache – ból głowy
nurse – pielęgniarka
GP (general practitioner) – lekarz pierwszego kontaktu
to examine – badać
prescription – recepta
to make, give a diagnosis – postawić diagnozę
stethoscope – stetoskop
to take someone’s blood pressure – mierzyć komuś ciśnienie